The Declaration of Arbroath: Scotland’s Appeal for Independence

The Declaration of Arbroath, dated April 6, 1320, is one of the most famous documents in Scottish history. This letter, sent to Pope John XXII, was a bold statement of Scotland’s desire for independence and a powerful expression of national identity. It was drafted in the midst of the Wars of Scottish Independence, a period of intense conflict between Scotland and England. The Declaration remains a symbol of Scotland’s resilience and a key moment in the country’s long struggle for sovereignty.

Key Takeaways

• Historic Document: The Declaration of Arbroath is one of Scotland’s most important historical documents, asserting the nation’s independence and the legitimacy of Robert the Bruce’s reign.
  
  
• Symbol of Freedom: The Declaration is celebrated for its powerful message of freedom and the unity it inspired among the Scottish people.
  
  
• Visit Arbroath: The town of Arbroath, home to the abbey where the Declaration was signed, offers a rich historical experience, along with its beautiful coastal scenery and famous smokies.
  
  
• Explore Further: To deepen your understanding of Scotland’s history and culture, consider downloading The Awesome Guide to Scotland, your essential digital companion for an unforgettable journey through Scotland.

 

Historical Context: The Fight for Freedom

The early 14th century was a tumultuous time for Scotland. After the death of King Alexander III in 1286 and the subsequent demise of his granddaughter Margaret, the Maid of Norway, Scotland was left without a clear heir to the throne. This led to a period of political instability and eventually to the intervention of King Edward I of England, who sought to assert his authority over Scotland.

The ensuing Wars of Scottish Independence were marked by battles, sieges, and a fierce resistance led by figures such as William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. By 1320, Robert the Bruce had been crowned King of Scots, but the struggle for recognition of Scotland’s independence continued. The Declaration of Arbroath was a direct response to this ongoing conflict and an appeal to the highest authority of the time—the Pope.

The Declaration of Arbroath: A Bold Assertion of Sovereignty

The Declaration of Arbroath was drafted by the Barons and freeholders of Scotland and sent to Pope John XXII. The letter was written in Latin and is remarkable for its eloquence and the clarity of its message. The Declaration asserts Scotland’s right to be free from English domination and emphasizes the legitimacy of Robert the Bruce’s reign.

One of the most famous passages of the Declaration states:

“As long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we on any conditions be brought under English rule. It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom—for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself.”

This powerful statement encapsulates the determination of the Scots to defend their independence at all costs. The Declaration also seeks to remind the Pope of Scotland’s ancient status as a free kingdom, with a history of independence that predates the English claim to sovereignty.

Importantly, the Declaration calls on the Pope to recognize Robert the Bruce as the rightful king of Scotland and to lift the excommunication that had been placed upon him. The letter argues that Bruce’s leadership is essential for maintaining Scotland’s independence and asks the Pope to intervene by urging King Edward II of England to cease his aggression.

The Road to Recognition

The Declaration of Arbroath had a significant impact both within Scotland and beyond. While it did not immediately lead to papal recognition of Scottish independence, it strengthened Robert the Bruce’s position and underscored the unity of the Scottish nobility in their support of his reign.

The Declaration also played a crucial role in shaping Scottish identity. It was one of the earliest expressions of the idea that sovereignty resided not just with the king, but with the people of the nation. This concept would resonate throughout Scottish history and continue to influence the country’s political thought.

In 1328, the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton was signed, in which England recognized Scotland’s independence and Robert the Bruce as its king. The Declaration of Arbroath is often seen as a precursor to this eventual success, demonstrating the determination and diplomatic skill of the Scottish leaders.

Today, the Declaration is celebrated as a defining moment in Scotland’s history. It is a symbol of the nation’s enduring fight for freedom and a testament to the power of words in the struggle for justice.

Visiting Arbroath and Its Historical Landmarks

The town of Arbroath, where the Declaration was drafted, is a place steeped in history. Located on the east coast of Scotland, Arbroath is home to the ruins of Arbroath Abbey, where the document was signed. Founded in 1178 by King William the Lion, the abbey was one of the most important religious sites in medieval Scotland.

Visitors to Arbroath Abbey can explore the remains of the abbey church, the chapter house, and the cloisters, gaining insight into the life of the monks who lived and worked there. The abbey also houses a visitor center with exhibits detailing the history of the site and the significance of the Declaration of Arbroath.

In addition to the abbey, Arbroath is known for its picturesque harbor and its famous smoked fish, known as Arbroath smokies. The town’s coastal setting and rich history make it a rewarding destination for those interested in Scotland’s past.

 

Enhance Your Scottish Adventure

If the story of the Declaration of Arbroath has sparked your interest in Scotland’s history, consider exploring more of the country with The Awesome Guide to Scotland.

 

FAQ: The Declaration of Arbroath

1. What was the Declaration of Arbroath?

The Declaration of Arbroath was a letter sent to Pope John XXII in 1320 by the Scottish nobility, asserting Scotland’s independence from England and affirming Robert the Bruce as the rightful king.

2. Why is the Declaration of Arbroath important?

The Declaration is a key document in Scottish history, symbolizing the nation’s desire for freedom and its resistance to English rule. It is also one of the earliest expressions of the idea that sovereignty belongs to the people.

3. Where was the Declaration of Arbroath signed?

The Declaration was signed at Arbroath Abbey, a significant religious site in medieval Scotland. The abbey’s ruins can still be visited today.

4. Did the Declaration of Arbroath achieve its goals?

While the Declaration did not immediately result in papal recognition of Scotland’s independence, it strengthened Robert the Bruce’s position and contributed to the eventual signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328, in which England recognized Scotland’s independence.

5. Can I see the original Declaration of Arbroath?

The original Declaration is preserved in the National Records of Scotland, but it is not on permanent display due to its age and fragility. However, reproductions and detailed information about the Declaration can be found in various museums and exhibitions across Scotland.